Environmental advocates fear that cutting federal regulations meant to curb pollution and lower carbon emissions could be acutely felt in Maine.
“Bottom line, if the EPA is successful in weakening these critical environmental safeguards at the national level, then Maine would suffer harm from the air pollution and toxic pollution from upwind fossil fuel plants,” said Pete Didisheim, advocacy director at the Natural Resources Council of Maine, in a news release Thursday.
Didisheim is referring to the more than 30 proposals from Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lee Zeldin to roll back environmental regulations on coal-fired power plants, water pollution, vehicle emissions and more. Specifically, it includes changes to the “Good Neighbor” policy meant to address air pollution traveling downwind to other communities that could be particularly helpful to Maine.
The changes unveiled Wednesday were framed as part of President Donald Trump’s campaign promise to encourage energy production and cut regulations focused on slowing climate change.
Despite the EPA’s mission to “protect human health and the environment,” these policy changes would instead prioritize the interests of fossil fuel companies, said Maine Conservation Voters Deputy Director Rani Sheaffer.
“Maine families deserve clean air and water, and corporate profits of the already wealthy shouldn’t be prioritized over the health of our communities,” she said.
The proposed changes won’t go into effect immediately. Most of them will need to undergo a long rulemaking process that includes the opportunity for public input.
Because of that, Didisheim said “now is the time for Maine people to speak up in defense of EPA’s mission.”
The council fears the changes could not only harm the air, water and other natural resources that are vital to Maine’s economy, but also be detrimental to public health in a state already grappling with high respiratory problems.
About one in nine Mainers has asthma, which is higher than the national average, according to state data. Prevailing winds carry pollution from upwind power plants in other states into Maine, so the council is concerned that removing pollution-reducing requirements could exacerbate problems for elderly Mainers, children and those with respiratory issues.
Given that geographic positioning, Didisheim said Maine could have “the most to lose if the ‘Good Neighbor Rule’ is abandoned.”
Before the Good Neighbor rule was adopted in 2023, the EPA estimated it could prevent 2,300 hospital and emergency room visits, as well as cut asthma symptoms by 1.3 million cases in 2026 alone by reducing air pollution.
The council is also worried about backsliding on pollution standards for power plants, particularly the proposal to overturn the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards for coal-fired power plants.
“These common-sense rules are on track to deliver overwhelmingly positive outcomes for the nation, including preventing premature deaths, reducing hospital visits, and eliminating toxic mercury pollution that threatens public health and pollutes our waters and wildlife,” Didisheim said.
The EPA projected the updated standards could have eliminated 1,000 pounds of mercury and 65,000 tons of carbon dioxide — the equivalent of a gas-powered car driving more than 150 million miles — in 2028.
Mercury pollution from upwind power plants has been a concern for Maine over the past few decades, the council said. Maine fish, loons and eagles have some of the highest mercury levels in North America, according to the Maine Department of Environmental Protection.
The state has recommended pregnant women, women of childbearing age and young children limit their fish consumption since 1994 because of persistently high mercury levels.
